"The truth always finds it's way out, even years and years and years later. The truth always prevails."

Tyler Hamilton

UNITED STATES

PATENT ON CBD AS A

NEURO-PROTECTANT

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

Cannabinoids have been found to have antioxidant properties, unrelated to NMDA receptor antagonism. This new found property makes cannabinoids useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases, such as ischemic, age-related, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

AN UPDATE ON SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF CANNABIDIOL: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL DATA AND RELEVANT ANIMAL STUDIES

NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF HEALTH

In general, the often described favorable safety profile of CBD in humans was confirmed and extended by the reviewed research. The majority of studies were performed for treatment of epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Here, the most commonly reported side effects were tiredness, diarrhea, and changes of appetite/weight. In comparison with other drugs, used for the treatment of these medical conditions, CBD has a better side effect profile.

THE BIOLOGY AND

POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF

CANNABIDIOL DISORDERS

NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF HEALTH

In light of the rapidly evolving interest in the potential use of marijuana and its derivative compounds for medical purposes, it is important to take stock of what we know and do not know about the therapeutic potential of CBD.

WHAT IS CBD?

PUB MED

Cannabidiol is a phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis species, which is devoid of psychoactive activity, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and chemo-preventive activities.

THE ENDO-CANNABINOID SYSTEM

PROJECT CBD

Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.

CANNABIDIOL

REDUCES SOCIAL

ANXIETY DISORDER

NCBI

Studies examining the protective effects of CBD have shown that CBD can counteract the negative effects of THC. However, the question remains of how the laboratory results translate to the types of cannabis that are encountered by real-world recreational users.

CANNABINOIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIFFICULT TO TREAT PAIN

NCBI

Cannabinoid analgesics have generally been well tolerated in clinical trials with acceptable adverse event profiles. Their adjunctive addition to the pharmacological armamentarium for treatment of pain shows great promise.

PURE CBD VS. WHOLE PLANT CBD

PROJECT CBD

A groundbreaking study from Israel has documented the superior therapeutic properties of whole plant CBD-rich cannabis extract as compared to single-molecule cannabidiol (CBD).

CBD MIS-

CONCEPTIONS

PROJECT CBD

It doesn’t get you high, but it’s causing quite a buzz among medical scientists and patients. Along with a growing awareness of cannabidiol as a potential health aid there has been a proliferation of misconceptions about CBD.

TERPENES AND THE

ENTOURAGE EFFECT

PROJECT CBD

Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.

CANNABIDIOL AS

POTENTIAL

ANTI-CANCER DRUG

NCBI

The present review will focus on the efficacy of CBD in the modulation of different steps of tumourigenesis in several types of cancer and highlights the importance of exploring CBD/CBD analogues as alternative therapeutic agents.

WHAT TYPE

OF CANNABIS

THERAPY IS

BEST FOR

YOU?

PROJECT CBD

Cannabis remedies are available in many forms and can be utilized in various ways. The most appropriate delivery system for therapeutic cannabis is one that provides an optimal dose for a desired duration with few unwanted side effects.

CBD USERS

MANUAL

PROJECT CBD

The key question is how to use cannabis for maximum therapeutic benefit. But most health professionals have little experience in this area. So Project CBD has created a CBD User’s Manual for patients that addresses key questions about cannabidiol and cannabis therapeutics.

CANNABINOIDS

SUPPRESS

INFLAMMATORY AND

NEUROPATHIC PAIN

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH

Our findings suggest that the α3 GlyRs mediate glycinergic cannabinoid-induced suppression of chronic pain. These cannabinoids may represent a novel class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic pain and other diseases involving GlyR dysfunction.

EDUCATIONAL PRIMER ON CANNABINOID DRUG INTERACTIONS

PROJECT CBD

With CBD, many people, including most seniors (the fastest growing demographic of cannabis users), take multiple drugs, and these compounds can interact and affect the metabolism of each other.

CBD AND

PARKINSON'S

DISEASE

NCBI

The endocannabinoid system and digestive imbalance play major roles in Parkinson's disease. Research on CBD, THC, and THCV has demonstrated that cannabis medicine may help to manage PD symptoms.

CANNABIDIOL:

PROMISE AND

PITFALLS

NCBI

This review highlights some of the basic science theory behind the use of CBD, summarizes published data on clinical use of CBD for epilepsy, and highlights issues related to the use of currently available CBD products.

CBD REDUCES CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION IN TOBACCO SMOKERS

PUB MED

Over the treatment week, placebo treated smokers showed no differences in number of cigarettes smoked. In contrast, those treated with CBD significantly reduced the number of cigarettes smoked by ~40% during treatment.

IMPACT OF CANNABIDIOL ON ACUTE MEMORY AND PSYCHOTOMIMETIC EFFECTS OF SMOKED CANNABIS

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

This study shows how the varying levels of cannabidiol and THC have an impact on the acute effects of the drug in naturalistic settings.

​

The antagonistic effects of cannabidiol at the CB1 receptor are probably responsible for its profile in smoked cannabis, attenuating the memory-impairing effects of THC.

TAMING THC: POTENTIAL CANNABIS SYNERGY & PHYTOCANNABINOID-TERPENOID ENTOURAGE EFFECTS

NCBI

Scientific evidence is presented for non-cannabinoid plant components as putative antidotes to intoxicating effects of THC that could increase its therapeutic index. 

CANNABIGEROL

ACTION

AT CANNABINOID CB1

AND CB2 RECEPTORS

AND AT CB1-CB2

HETERORECEPTOR

COMPLEXES

NCBI

The action on cells expressing heteromers was similar to that obtained in cells expressing the CB2R. The effect of CBG on CB1R was measurable but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. The results indicate that CBG is indeed effective as regulator of endocannabinoid signaling.

THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM, CANNABINOIDS, AND PAIN

NCBI

This review will provide the reader with the foundational basic and clinical science linking the endocannabinoid system and the phytocannabinoids with their potentially therapeutic role in the management of chronic pain.

THE COMBINATION OF CBD AND THC ENHANCES THE ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF RADIATION IN AN ORTHOTOPIC MURINE GLIOMA MODEL

NCBI

Taken together, our data highlight the possibility that these cannabinoids can prime glioma cells to respond better to ionizing radiation, and suggest a potential clinical benefit for glioma patients by using these two treatment modalities.

ENDOCANNABINOIDS AS EMERGING SUPPRESSORS OF ANGIOGENESIS AND TUMOR INVASION

ONCOLOGY

REPORTS

Targeting the endocannabinoid system represents a very promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of different types of cancer.

THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF PLANT-DERIVED NON-PSYCHOACTIVE CANNABINOIDS

NCBI

The preclinical data strongly support the notion that non-psychoactive plant-derived CBs can act as direct inhibitors of tumor progression as well as enhance the activity of first-line therapies.

CANNABINOIDS AS A POTENTIAL NEW AND NOVEL TREATMENT FOR MELANOMA: A PILOT STUDY IN A MURINE MODEL

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH

We demonstrate a potential beneficial therapeutic effect of cannabinoids, which could influence the course of melanoma in a murine model.

REDUCED PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOLIC GASTRITIS IN HOSPITALIZED INDIVIDUALS WHO CONSUME CANNABIS

PUBMED

We reveal that risky alcohol drinking combined with cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of alcohol-associated gastritis in patients.

CANNABIS USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED PREVALENCE OF PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

PUBMED

Our findings suggest that cannabis use is associated with a reduced incidence of liver disease in alcoholics.

TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF CBD ATTENUATES BINGE ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION IN A RODENT MODEL OF AN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR

These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CBD transdermal delivery systems for the treatment of alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.

REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE OF MEDICAL CANNABIS TREATMENT IN AUTISM: ANALYSIS OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY

NATURE

Cannabis in ASD patients appears to be well tolerated, safe and effective option to relieve symptoms associated with ASD.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALING SYSTEM - MOLECULAR MECHANISMS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY

NCBI

Their ability to modulate synaptic efficacy has a wide range of functional consequences and provides unique therapeutic possibilities. The present review is focused on new information regarding the endocannabinoid signaling system in the brain.

CANNABIDIOL IS A POWERFUL NEW ANTIBIOTIC

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

“Given cannabidiol’s documented anti-inflammatory effects, existing safety data in humans, and potential for varied delivery routes, it is a promising new antibiotic worth further investigation,” said Dr. Blaskovich.

CANNABIDIOL IMPROVES LUNG FUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION IN MICE SUBMITTED TO LPS-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY

IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNTOXICOLOGY

Thus, we conclude that CBD administered therapeutically, i.e. during an ongoing inflammatory process, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect and also improves the lung function in mice submitted to LPS-induced ALI. 

CANNABIDIOL IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT EPILEPSY: AN OPEN-LABEL INTERVENTIONAL TRIAL.

PUBMED

Our findings suggest that cannabidiol might reduce seizure frequency and might have an adequate safety profile in children and young adults with highly treatment-resistant epilepsy. Randomised controlled trials are warranted to characterise the safety profile and true efficacy of this compound.

CANNABIDIOL AS A NEW TREATMENT FOR DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY IN TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX.

NCBI

Although double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are still necessary, these findings suggest that cannabidiol may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with refractory seizures in TSC.

INTRAPERITONEAL CANNABIDIOL ATTENUATES NEONATAL GERMINAL MATRIX HEMORRHAGE-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMATION AND PERILESIONAL APOPTOSIS

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

The treatment of GMH with cannabidiol significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells and reactive astrocytes in the perilesional area and the ipsilateral hippocampus. In addition, this response was sustained 14 days after the hemorrhage. These results corroborate our hypothesis that cannabidiol is a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of germinal matrix hemorrhage.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CANNFLAVINS A AND B FROM CANNABIS SATIVA L

PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Volume 164, August 2019, Pages 162-171

Barrett and colleagues purportedly identified the causal agent in these extracts as cannflavins A and B and verified that these prenylated flavonoids could inhibit the production of PGE2 in human rheumatoid synovial cells and provide anti-inflammatory benefits that were approximately thirty times more effective than aspirin.

MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS: A REVIEW OF RECENT EVIDENCES.

JUNDISHAPUR JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY

The seed oil of Cannabis sativus is useful for the treatment of acne rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis and lichen planus. The leaves powder of this plant is very useful as a wound and sore dressing. Cannabis sativus extract is externally useful to relieve pain in itchy skin. The seed oil strengthens the skin and makes it more resistant to bacterial, fungal and viral infections.

REDUCTION OF BENZODIAZEPINE USE IN PATIENTS PRESCRIBED MEDICAL CANNABIS.

CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH

Within a cohort of 146 patients initiated on medical cannabis therapy, 45.2% patients successfully discontinued their pre-existing benzodiazepine therapy. This observation merits further investigation into the risks and benefits of the therapeutic use of medical cannabis and its role relating to benzodiazepine use.

REDUCTION OF BENZODIAZEPINE USE IN PATIENTS PRESCRIBED MEDICAL CANNABIS.

CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH

Within a cohort of 146 patients initiated on medical cannabis therapy, 45.2% patients successfully discontinued their pre-existing benzodiazepine therapy. This observation merits further investigation into the risks and benefits of the therapeutic use of medical cannabis and its role relating to benzodiazepine use.

CANNABIDIOL, A MAJOR NON-PSYCHOTROPIC CANNABIS CONSTITUENT ENHANCES FRACTURE HEALING AND STIMULATES LYSYL HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN OSTEOBLASTS.

PUBMED

CBD stimulated mRNA expression of Plod1 in primary osteoblast cultures, encoding an enzyme that catalyzes lysine hydroxylation, which is in turn involved in collagen crosslinking and stabilization. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy we confirmed the increase in collagen crosslink ratio by CBD, which is likely to contribute to the improved biomechanical properties of the fracture callus. Taken together, these data show that CBD leads to improvement in fracture healing and demonstrate the critical mechanical role of collagen crosslinking enzymes.

CANNABIDIOL AS AN INTERVENTION FOR ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE

SAGE JOURNALS

A limited number of preclinical studies suggest that CBD may have therapeutic properties on opioid, cocaine, and psychostimulant addiction, and some preliminary data suggest that it may be beneficial in cannabis and tobacco addiction in humans. Further studies are clearly necessary to fully evaluate the potential of CBD as an intervention for addictive disorders.

EMERGING EVIDENCE FOR CANNABIS' ROLE IN OPIOID USE DISORDER

CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH, VOLUME 3, NO. 1

Barrett and colleagues purportedly identified the causal agent in these extracts as cannflavins A and B and verified that these prenylated flavonoids could inhibit the production of PGE2 in human rheumatoid synovial cells and provide anti-inflammatory benefits that were approximately thirty times more effective than aspirin.

MEDICAL MARIJUANA USE FOR PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY PATIENTS: SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE

JOURNAL OF  PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY

Positive effects were reported by verbal children and parents in 80% of cases. MM was generally well tolerated with few patients reporting toxicity, with the most common adverse reactions being burning in the throat and anxiety attacks in subjects who chose to smoke the product. We conclude that MM may serve as a potentially useful complementary therapy to conventional supportive treatment of children suffering from cancer at the end of life.

CANNABIDIOL REDUCES SEIZURES FOLLOWING CNS INFECTION WITH THEILER'S MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

PUBMED

Cannabinoids are increasingly studied for their potential antiseizure effects. Several preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that CBD could be an effective therapy for intractable epilepsies. The present study corroborates those previous findings and provides an opportunity to investigate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanism(s) of antiseizure effects of CBD in the TMEV model, which may help to design future clinical studies more effectively.

CANNABIDIOL ATTENUATES INSULAR DYSFUNCTION DURING MOTIVATIONAL SALIENCE PROCESSING IN SUBJECTS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS.

PUB MED

CBD attenuated the increased activation in the left insula/parietal operculum and was associated with overall slowing of reaction time, suggesting a possible mechanism for its putative antipsychotic effect by normalising motivational salience and moderating motor response.

CANNABIDIOL IMPROVES METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN MIDDLE-AGED DIABETIC RATS SUBMITTED TO A CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION.

PUB MED

DCT group presented reduction of hyperglycemia and an increase of insulinemia. Also was observed lower fructosamine, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. AST and ALT concentration were reduced in CBD treated groups. CBD may be used as therapeutic tool to protect metabolism against injuries from diabetes aggravated by cerebral ischemia.

CANNABIDIOL REDUCES SEIZURES FOLLOWING CNS INFECTION WITH THEILER'S MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

PUBMED

Cannabinoids are increasingly studied for their potential antiseizure effects. Several preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that CBD could be an effective therapy for intractable epilepsies. The present study corroborates those previous findings and provides an opportunity to investigate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanism(s) of antiseizure effects of CBD in the TMEV model, which may help to design future clinical studies more effectively.

THE USE OF CANNABIS IN RESPONSE TO THE OPIOID CRISIS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

NURSING OUTLOOK

Review of the current literature suggests states that implement MC policies could reduce POM-associated mortality, improve pain management, and significantly reduce health care costs. However, MC research is constrained by federal policy restrictions, and more research related to MC as a potential alternative to POM for pain management, MC harms, and its impact on POM-related harms and health care costs should be a priority of public health, medical, and nursing research.

CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

The endogenous cannabinoid system could playa central role in several neuropsychiatric disorders and is also involved in other conditions such as pain, spasticity and neuroprotection. Implication of cannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and development of schizophrenia is also discussed.

SELF-INITIATED USE OF TOPICAL CANNABIDIOL OIL FOR EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare blistering skin disorder that is challenging to manage because skin fragility and repeated wound healing cause itching, pain, limited mobility, and recurrent infections. All 3 reported faster wound healing, less blistering, and amelioration of pain with cannabidiol use. Although these results demonstrate promise, further randomized, double‐blind clinical trials are necessary.

EFFECTS OF DELTA-9-THC AND CBD ON CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHY IN MICE

THIEME

Sativex, a cannabinoid extract with a 1 : 1 ratio of tetrahydocannabinol and cannabidiol, has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain associated with chemotherapy. This research examined whether tetrahydocannabinol or cannabidiol alone could attenuate or prevent cisplatin-induced tactile allodynia. These data demonstrate that each of the major constituents of Sativex alone can achieve analgesic effects against cisplatin neuropathy.

THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES

NURSING OUTLOOK

EVIDENCE THAT ANANDAMIDE INHIBITS EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH CB1 RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT INHIBITION OF PROTEIN KINASE C, ACTIVATING PROTEIN-1, AND TRANSGLUTAMINASE.

PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING USE OF CANNABIDIOL IN PSYCHIATRY

PUBMED

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Results from these studies are promising and suggest that CBD may have a role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in mental diseases, and they justify an in-depth commitment in this field. 

POTENTIAL OF CANNABINOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS AS TREATMENT FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

CNS DRUGS

During the past 2 decades, researchers have investigated the impact of a variety of pharmacological approaches to treat SUD, one of which is the use of medical cannabis or cannabinoids. Several cannabinoid-based medications (e.g., dronabinol, nabilone, PF-04457845) that entered clinical trials have shown promising results in reducing withdrawal symptoms in cannabis and opioid users.

CANNABIDIOL IS A NOVEL MODULATOR OF BACTERIAL MEMBRANE VESICLES

FRONT CELL INFECT MICROBIOL

We found that CBD is a strong inhibitor of MV release from Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli VCS257), while inhibitory effect on MV release from Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach) was negligible. When used in combination with selected antibiotics, CBD significantly increased the bactericidal action of several antibiotics in the Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, CBD increased antibiotic effects of kanamycin in the Gram-positive bacteria, without affecting MV release. 

MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TRPV2 CHANNEL MODULATION BY CANNABIDIOL

ELIFE

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) plays a critical role in neuronal development, cardiac function, immunity, and cancer. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic therapeutically active ingredient of Cannabis sativa, is an activator of TRPV2 and also modulates other transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. CBD-bound TRPV2 structures revealed that the S4-S5 linker plays a critical role in channel gating upon CBD binding. Additionally, nanodiscs permitted us to visualize two distinct TRPV2 apo states in a lipid environment. Together these results provide a foundation to further understand TRPV channel gating, their divergent physiological functions, and to accelerate structure-based drug design.

CONCOMITANT TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS WITH CBD - A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

ANTICANCER RESEARCH

Grade IV glioblastoma multiforme is a deadly disease, with a median survival of around 14 to 16 months. Maximal resection followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment since many years, although survival is only extended by a few months. All patients received CBD in a daily dose of 400 mg concomitantly to the standard therapeutic procedure of maximal resection followed by radiochemotherapy. By the time of the submission of this article, all but one patient are still alive with a mean survival time of 22.3 months (range=7-47 months). This is longer than what would have been expected.

THE EVALUATION OF CANNABIDIOL'S EFFECT ON THE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF BURKITT LYMPHOMA

BIOCHEMICAL BIOPHYSIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNITY

AF1q has a precise oncogenic function. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether CBD has an effect on the AF1q/ICAM-1 regulatory axis in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), and thus has potential to enhance immunotherapy and reduce side effects. CBD holds potential to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for BL with hyperactive AF1q/ICAM-1 regulatory axis, and warrants further study.

CANNABIDIOL COUNTERACTS AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEURONAL AND BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION OF THE MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE PATHWAY THROUGH A NOVEL MTOR/P70S6 KINASE SIGNALING PATHWAY

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Schizophrenia-related psychosis is associated with disturbances in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission, characterized by hyperdopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of a specific phytochemical component of marijuana called cannabidiol (CBD), which possesses promising therapeutic properties for the treatment of schizophrenia-related psychoses. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the putative antipsychotic-like properties of CBD in the mesolimbic circuitry. We identify the molecular signaling pathways through which CBD may functionally reduce schizophrenia-like neuropsychopathology.

Cannabidiol Induces Apoptosis and Perturbs Mitochondrial Function in both Human and Canine Glioma Cells

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

In the world of cancer research, several publications have demonstrated that CBD is cytotoxic against breast, endometrial, glial, and blood cancers, and in all cases it appears that CBD triggers apoptosis through a cannabinoid receptor independent process. A recent publication suggests CBD causes cell death in leukemia cells via calcium dependent mitochondrial membrane disruption, leading to activation of intrinsic apoptosis.

Free and Glucuronide Urine Cannabinoids After Controlled Smoked, Vaporized, and Oral Cannabis Administration in Frequent and Occasional Cannabis Users

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

These urinary cannabinoid marker concentrations from occasional and frequent cannabis users following three routes of administration provide a scientific database to assess single urine concentrations in cannabis monitoring programs.

Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract Microdepots Support Controlled Release of Multiple Phytocannabinoids for Extended Therapeutic Effect

ACS Applied Material & Interfaces

One week following administration, the microdepots reduce the incidence of tonic-clonic seizures by 40%, increase the survival rate by 50%, and the latency to first tonic-clonic seizures by 170%. These results suggest that a long-term full-spectrum Cannabis delivery system may provide new form of Cannabis administration and treatments.

Inhibitory Effect of Cannabidiol on the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated With Its Modulation of the P2X7 Receptor in Human Monocytes

JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

Overall, the observed CBD suppressive effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 monocytes was associated with decreased potassium efflux, as well as in silico prediction of P2X7 receptor binding. CBD inhibitory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory effects reported for this phytocannabinoid.

Electrochemical Assessment of Anticancer Compounds on the Human Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cells

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Our results demonstrate that 24 hours after exposure to 30 µM CBD can significantly decrease the micromotion rate, damage the integrity of cell morphology, reduce cell viability, and induce higher apoptosis in treated SCC-25 cells, while the other three drugs attain similar effects at the concentration of 100 µM or higher.

Cannabinoid Use in Musculoskeletal Illness: A Review of the Current Evidence

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine

Recent pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that cannabinoid use and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has an important role in bone healing and bone homeostasis. There is data that suggests that the use of cannabidiol (CBD) may increase bone healing, whereas the use of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, likely inhibits bone metabolism and repair.

Acute Effects of Cannabinoids on Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Human Laboratory Study

Depression and Anxiety

This is the first placebo-controlled investigation of cannabis in adults with OCD. The data suggest that smoked cannabis, whether containing primarily THC or CBD, has little acute impact on OCD symptoms and yields smaller reductions in anxiety compared to placebo.

Activation of CB1R Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Reduces Acute Inflammation and Organ Injury

The Journal of Immunology

 These results indicate that Δ9-THC potently induces IL-10, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and related organ injury in endotoxemic mice via the activation of CB1R. These data have implications for acute and chronic conditions that are driven by dysregulated inflammation, such as sepsis, and raise the possibility that CB1R-signaling may constitute a novel target for inflammatory disorders.

Investigation of the effects of cannabidiol on vacuous chewing movements, locomotion, oxidative stress and blood glucose in rats treated with oral haloperidol

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

We confirmed that CBD can ameliorate motor impairments produced by haloperidol. Our data suggest that CBD can be combined with haloperidol to prevent the emergent of extrapyramidal side effects and long-term movement disorders, such as acute dystonic disorder and TD.